a book on writing

business_english_handbook_advancedThis is a book I discovered a couple of years ago. It’s very different in style from it’s competitors, whether intentionally or because it was published in 1997: spiral-bound, all black and white, no pictures. Furthermore, it doesn’t try any of that ‘humour’ that many books have.

So, it is a very functional book, and get’s straight down to business. It’s split into five sections, which are:

1.Focus on coherence
2.Focus on cohesion
3.Writing letters
4.Correcting written English
5.Punctuation

Each of the above are broken up into easily digestible pieces which are a series of exercises that double up as chapters that general have a paragraph of introduction and then dive straight into a task. Most of the sections begin with tasks that make you think about what you’re trying to achieve, rather than simply lexical/word-related tasks.

This is an interesting approach, and can be rather difficult to follow at times, as well as sometimes it being difficult to see the reason for some of the questions involved. I have been teaching for more than 12 years and am still unsure if the following are conjunctions or adverbs:

however, whatever, besides, consequently

and yet I am asked, at one point, to decide. My point is, does it matter?

Read the rest of this entry »

  • Share/Bookmark

Tags: , , , ,

Would

Would has various different uses:

  • politeness

    • Would you like to have a coffee?

    • Would you mind introducing customer information to us?

  • Past, to talk about repeated events

    • When I was young I would go swimming every Saturday.

    • When I was head of department I would have meetings every day.

  • Hypothetical situations

    • What would you say if you met Barack Obama?

    • I think it would be helpful to the treasury department.

    • If I lived in New York, I would have much more chance of meeting famous people.

  • Share/Bookmark

Tags: , ,

This is something I covered with a client the other day, something which causes problems at all levels of ability. When it comes to verbs that take BOTH -ing AND inf. after them, but with a change in meaning, the following four are perhaps the most important.

  • Remember
    • I remember swimming in the Thames when I was a boy.
    • Didn’t you remember to buy milk, I asked you twice!
  • Forget
    • Damn! I forgot to take my library books back.
    • I can’t believe you can remember that! I’d completely forgotten bumping into Tony Blair last year.
  • Try
    • I tried to pass my driving test last year. = I attempted to and therefore failed
    • I tried cooking her dinner, but still failed to impress her.
  • Stop
    • Can we stop (the car) to take some photos, the view is magnificent!
    • Will you stop talking with your mouth full, it’s disgusting to watch!
  • Share/Bookmark

Tags: , ,

The Future

In English there is not a single future tense, there are many ways to talk about the future

  • present continuous – future plan
    • Jim’s coming in an hour for my class
    • I’m flying at 1800 on 24th November
    • I’m having dinner at a Chinese restaurant this evening (I have booked a table)

  • be going to + inf – intention
    • I’m going to play table tennis at the weekend

    • I’m going to have dinner at a Chinese restaurant this evening (I haven’t booked a table)

  • will (shall) + inf – predicition & making a decision at the time of speaking
    • What are you doing at the weekend?” “Oh, I don’t know, I think I’ll go shopping.”

    • I think I’ll come back to the UK on 10th January

  • present simple – timetable

    • The plane leaves at 1800

    • The film starts at 2040

  • may / should / might / could + inf – modal future

    • We should leave in an hour

    • We might go shopping at the weekend

  • Share/Bookmark

Present Simple

  • The present simple is rarely used to describe the present, instead it has three major uses:
    • Habit – I take the underground to work
    • State – The earth goes around the sun
    • Future timetabled events – On Sunday my flight leaves at 1810
  • Share/Bookmark

Hello Again

Hi

Many apologies for not posting for such a long time, but I now have a child, a baby girl born on 20th September. I figure that the more practical approach to keeping up with posting here is to post a more polished version of the notes I prepare for my clients when a particular question pops up.

Any comments gratefully received.

  • Share/Bookmark

There is often quite a bit of confusion with As and Like, in one of their uses they both seem to mean ’similar’ or ‘the same’. I’ve written this with the intention of trying to make this a little clearer so that less mistakes will be made.

Both As and Like can be used as conjunctions and prepositions, whilst As is also sometimes an adverb and Like also a verb. Here’s an example of each:

As as an adverb – Alice is as intelligent as her brother.

As as a conjunction – As prices rise, so people find it more difficult to maintain their standard of living.

As as a preposition – As your manager, you are expected to do what I tell you.

Like as a verb – He didn’t like her very much.

Like as a conjunction – It looks like it’s going to be hot today. (informal – see below*)

Like as a preposition – John is like his father.

The confusion between these two words is when they are used as prepositions.

Read the rest of this entry »

  • Share/Bookmark

Tags: , , , , , , ,

Each class I have with a client I document their mistakes as they speak. The following session I print out the mistakes and ask the client to correct them. I thought it would be useful to put together a collection of these on a weekly basis and publish them, so others can try and correct them. I have collected them by first language, because each language group makes it’s own mistakes.

So, the following are all WRONG, if you want to download this as a document, with answers, you can do that here – Can you see the mistakes 03/07/09pdficon_large.

Spanish Speakers

… and coming to a so complicated system …

… just to get adapted to the crisis …

German Speakers

… why you haven’t mentioned it yesterday …

… he worked for Lehman Brothers. So I don’t have to comment this …

… last month I wrote him because …

… I’ll leave it on, I’ll see if he’s reacting …

… if I do such a work …

… it depends on what message you want to transfer …

… after his social year he hasn’t found any job …

Read the rest of this entry »

  • Share/Bookmark

Tags: , , , , ,

All these verbs are related to sight and vision

  1. See is the most common of the three verbs and is usually followed by an OBJECT:
    They’ve seen MANY PEOPLE wearing hats.
    John
    saw ANDREA at the party.
    But it doesn’t always have an OBJECT:
    I can’t see well, so I need to wear glasses.
    See (meaning vision – there are other meanings of see) doesn’t usually take the progressive form, but look (at) can:
    We’ve been looking at churches all day!
    We’ve been seeing churches all day!
  2. Watch is used when animals or people look at something (or something happening) over a period of time:
    I’ve been watching the cricket, what have you been doing?
    Last night we watched a film.
  3. Look (at) means ‘using eyes for a particular reason.’
    “I want you to
    look straight into my eyes.”
    He
    wasn’t looking where he was going.
    Look also refers to appearance when what you are looking at is the SUBJECT:
    SHE looks great in that red dress.
    THE HOUSE
    has been looking awful for the last few months.

So in summary I’d say that see is the most common option while look (at) and watch are both similar to each other, except that watch is used when describing actions that take place over a longer period of time.

look-see-watchpdficon_large.

  • Share/Bookmark

Tags: , ,

Just thought it might be worth posting this. An old client of mine emailed me this question and here’s what I thought.

QUESTION
If someone says “Couldn’t have gone much better” what does that mean?
Is it , “it was great”?
I understand “Couldn’t be better” but the sentence above is using the third conditional.

MY ANSWER
“Couldn’t have gone much better” means that of all the expectations you had of a particular event, it was the almost the best expectation that happened.

For eg. if you were taking an exam and you had a range of expectations, perhaps scores of 45% 55% 65% 75% 85% and after taking the exam and getting your score back you got 83%, you could say “Couldn’t have gone much better”

We also say this after interviews etc., if the interview went well and in response to the question “How did it go?”

  • Share/Bookmark

Tags: , ,

« Older entries